{"id":1085,"date":"2023-04-24T10:30:03","date_gmt":"2023-04-24T08:30:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/borders-and-mobile-societies\/"},"modified":"2023-05-17T13:11:45","modified_gmt":"2023-05-17T11:11:45","slug":"borders-and-mobile-societies","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/or-colonialism-and-borders\/borders-and-mobile-societies\/","title":{"rendered":"Borders and mobile societies"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1085\" class=\"elementor elementor-1085 elementor-85\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-209ee20d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"209ee20d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_motion_fx_mouse&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_mouseTrack_effect&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_mouseTrack_direction&quot;:&quot;negative&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_mouseTrack_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;0.4&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dec7e36 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7dec7e36\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65ac347f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"65ac347f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Borders and mobile societies<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54f44369 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"54f44369\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Station OR \/ Colonialism and borders<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d95a9c3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4d95a9c3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52e1c560 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"52e1c560\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2999179d elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2999179d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Turkana people on the border between Kenya and South Sudan are considered one of the most mobile societies in the world. <strong>Their nomadic, mobile lifestyle emerged as a flexible adaptation strategy to a climatically harsh environment.<\/strong> In search of water and grazing land, people in other parts of the world as well move across national borders with their cattle. Another mobile group in East Africa are the Maasai, who are separated today by the Tanzanian-Kenyan border. Nevertheless, the border region is perceived by the local population as &#8220;Maasailand&#8221;. There is still lively social and economic exchange, and the grazing lands and cattle markets are flexibly used by the group in both states.   <\/p>\n<p><strong>However, since nomads escape state control through these constant movements, state undertakings to &#8220;settle down&#8221; mobile people can be observed again and again throughout history and all over the world.<\/strong> This includes the confiscation of animals, the basis of survival for these communities, or forced settlement in villages. Such measures do not only affect shepherds and mobile pastoralists, but also other travelling populations or homeless people.  <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3851fe1c elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-testimonial\" data-id=\"3851fe1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"testimonial.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial-content\"><p>\"We are like brothers. Only the border separates us. But we are the same.\" <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial-meta-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial-details\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial-name\">Koinet O.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-testimonial-job\">Koinet O., resident of a Maasai village on the border between Kenya and Tanzania, 2018<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d306746 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d306746\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3290194d e-con-full e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3290194d\" data-element_type=\"container\" 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Image Carousel\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"polite\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 3\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"1323ca4a\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Goats at the Kenyan-Tanzanian border\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Border fence 2016 (Illustration by Tamara Zgraggen &amp; Olivia Emefiele, students of KISD)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjE3NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2JvcmRlcnN0b3JpZXMuZGVcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzA1XC9aaWVnZW4tdm9uLU5vbWFkZW4taW0ta2VuaWFuaXNjaC10YW5zYW5pc2NoZW4tR3JlbnpsYW5kMi5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIxMzIzY2E0YSJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Ziegen-von-Nomaden-im-kenianisch-tansanischen-Grenzland2.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Ziegen-von-Nomaden-im-kenianisch-tansanischen-Grenzland2.jpg\" alt=\"Goats at the Kenyan-Tanzanian border\" title=\"\"><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Goats at the Kenyan-Tanzanian border<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 3\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"1323ca4a\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Map of some (formerly) pastoral-nomadic communities of Kenya and its neighboring countries\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTUxMywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2JvcmRlcnN0b3JpZXMuZGVcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzA1XC9LZW5pYXMtR3Jlbnplbi1taXQtQXVzd2FobC1hbi1zZW1pLW5vbWFkaXNjaGVuLWV0aG5pc2NoZW4tR3J1cHBlbi1tb2JpbGUtR2VzZWxsc2NoYWZ0ZW4uanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiMTMyM2NhNGEifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Kenias-Grenzen-mit-Auswahl-an-semi-nomadischen-ethnischen-Gruppen-mobile-Gesellschaften.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Kenias-Grenzen-mit-Auswahl-an-semi-nomadischen-ethnischen-Gruppen-mobile-Gesellschaften.jpg\" alt=\"Map of some (formerly) pastoral-nomadic communities of Kenya and its neighboring countries\" title=\"\"><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Map of some (formerly) pastoral-nomadic communities of Kenya and its neighboring countries<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"3 of 3\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"1323ca4a\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Maasai herdsmen in the Kenyan-Tanzanian borderland\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTUwOSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2JvcmRlcnN0b3JpZXMuZGVcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzA1XC9NYWFzYWktSGlydGUtaW0ta2VuaWFuaXNjaC10YW5zYW5pc2NoZW4tR3JlbnpsYW5kLTIuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiMTMyM2NhNGEifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Maasai-Hirte-im-kenianisch-tansanischen-Grenzland-2.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Maasai-Hirte-im-kenianisch-tansanischen-Grenzland-2.jpg\" alt=\"Maasai herdsmen in the Kenyan-Tanzanian borderland\" title=\"\"><figcaption class=\"elementor-image-carousel-caption\">Maasai herdsmen in the Kenyan-Tanzanian borderland<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e638e7a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e638e7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e87c1d0 elementor-post-navigation-borders-yes elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-navigation\" data-id=\"e87c1d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-navigation.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation\" role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Post Navigation\">\n\t\t\t<div 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Their nomadic, mobile lifestyle emerged as a flexible adaptation strategy to a climatically harsh environment.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1513,"parent":1087,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1085","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1085","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1085"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1085\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2497,"href":"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1085\/revisions\/2497"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1087"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1513"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1085"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}