{"id":1087,"date":"2023-04-24T10:25:02","date_gmt":"2023-04-24T08:25:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/or-colonialism-and-borders\/"},"modified":"2023-05-17T10:16:49","modified_gmt":"2023-05-17T08:16:49","slug":"or-colonialism-and-borders","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/or-colonialism-and-borders\/","title":{"rendered":"Station: OR \/ Colonialism and borders"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1087\" class=\"elementor elementor-1087 elementor-62\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dd31935 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-stretch elementor-section-content-middle kenimage elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dd31935\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_motion_fx_mouse&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_mouseTrack_effect&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_mouseTrack_direction&quot;:&quot;negative&quot;,&quot;background_motion_fx_mouseTrack_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;0.4&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f2e0f41\" data-id=\"f2e0f41\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5704bcd kenimage elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5704bcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span class=\"red-background\">Station OR \/ Colonialism and borders<\/span><\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-286fa25 e-con-full kenimage e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"286fa25\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd41867 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"dd41867\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45e69a0 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"45e69a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">In order to control the African population, European colonial powers used borders as instruments of power. However, transnational and mobile realities in the Kenyan borderlands contradict a clear separation of tightly connected local societies. <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2464571 elementor-grid-4 elementor-posts--thumbnail-none elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"2464571\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;classic_columns&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:200,&quot;classic_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;classic_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;classic_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:35,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;classic_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;classic_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.classic\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-classic elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-1083 page type-page status-publish hentry\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/or-colonialism-and-borders\/behind-closed-doors-borders-in-africa-as-colonial-legacies\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tBehind closed doors: Borders in Africa as colonial legacies\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>The majority of today&#8217;s borders between African countries were established during colonial times. The &#8220;Congo Conference&#8221;, which took place in Berlin in 1885 &#8211; more or less behind closed doors and without African interest groups &#8211; is considered a key event. <\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/or-colonialism-and-borders\/behind-closed-doors-borders-in-africa-as-colonial-legacies\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Behind closed doors: Borders in Africa as colonial legacies\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tLearn more \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-1086 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/or-colonialism-and-borders\/kipande-a-colonial-instrument-of-power\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tKipande: A colonial instrument of power\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>In colonial Kenya in the 1920s, it became compulsory for all adult males to wear an identification document in a metal case around their neck. The intention was to restrict the movement of the African population, and to make it easier for the colonial government to collect taxes. <\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/or-colonialism-and-borders\/kipande-a-colonial-instrument-of-power\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Kipande: A colonial instrument of power\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tLearn more \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-1088 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/or-colonialism-and-borders\/border-identity-as-a-security-risk-on-todays-registration-of-border-dwellers-in-kenya\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tBorder identity as a security risk: On the contemporary registration of borderland residents in Kenya\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>The effects of colonial borders continue to have an impact. In the course of independence, the majority of the African Union agreed to maintain the colonial borders &#8211; above all in order to prevent territorial wars.  <\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/or-colonialism-and-borders\/border-identity-as-a-security-risk-on-todays-registration-of-border-dwellers-in-kenya\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Border identity as a security risk: On the contemporary registration of borderland residents in Kenya\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tLearn more \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-1096 page type-page status-publish hentry\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/or-colonialism-and-borders\/limits-of-being-identity-in-the-mirror-of-society\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tLimits of being? Identity in the mirror of society\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>Many people deal with the question &#8220;Where do I belong?&#8221; in their lives. How we locate ourselves in the world is shaped by social categories that often sort themselves through an either\/or logic. <\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/or-colonialism-and-borders\/limits-of-being-identity-in-the-mirror-of-society\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Limits of being? Identity in the mirror of society\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tLearn more \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-1090 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/or-colonialism-and-borders\/transnational-identities-kenyas-border-population\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tTransnational Identities: Kenya&#8217;s border population\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>In total, over 70 different population groups live in Kenya. In colonial times, new political borders suddenly ran right through the middle of many such local communities, which nevertheless remained interconnected. <\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/or-colonialism-and-borders\/transnational-identities-kenyas-border-population\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Transnational Identities: Kenya&#8217;s border population\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tLearn more \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-1085 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/or-colonialism-and-borders\/borders-and-mobile-societies\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tBorders and mobile societies\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>The Turkana people on the border between Kenya and South Sudan are considered one of the most mobile societies in the world. Their nomadic, mobile lifestyle emerged as a flexible adaptation strategy to a climatically harsh environment.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/or-colonialism-and-borders\/borders-and-mobile-societies\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Borders and mobile societies\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tLearn more \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Station OR \/ Colonialism and borders In order to control the African population, European colonial powers used borders as instruments of power. However, transnational and mobile realities in the Kenyan borderlands contradict a clear separation of tightly connected local societies.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1087","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1087","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1087"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1087\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2598,"href":"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1087\/revisions\/2598"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/borderstories.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1087"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}